一、七年级下英语三单元短语
Unit 1
词组 be from来自
New York纽约
in November在十一月
the Unite States美国
the Unite Kindom英国
live in居住
pen pal笔友
at school在学校
enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事
speak a little French讲一点法语
write to sb.给某人写信
tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事
her favorite subject她最喜欢的科目
a very interesting country一个很有趣的国家
years old…..….岁
a little一点儿
in November在十一月
go to the movies去看电影
play sports做运动
on weekends在周末
action movies动作片
likes and dislikes好恶，爱憎
句型
where is your pen pal from?你的笔友是哪里人？
He is from Korea.他是朝鲜人。
Where do you live?你住在哪里?
I live in Beijing.我住在北京。
What language does he speak?他讲什么语言？
He speaks English.他讲英语。
Is that from your new pen pal?它是你笔友那儿来的吗？
Yes, it is.是的，它是。
I want a pen pal in China.我想在中国找一个笔友。
I think China is a very interesting country.我认为中国是一个很有趣的国家。
I can speak English and a little French.我会说英语和一点法语。
I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.
我喜欢和朋友一起看电影，做运动。
My favorite subject in school is P.E.我在学校最喜欢的科目是体育。
Can you write to me soon?你不久能给我写信吗？
I play soccer on weekends.我周末踢足球。
It’s my favrite sport.这是我最喜爱的运动。
I like music at school.在学校我喜欢音乐。
Please write and tell me about yourself.请写信告诉我你的情况。
Unit 2
词组
post office邮局
pay phone（投币式）公用电话
across from在…的对面
excuse me(打撹他人…)对不起
take a walk散步
have fun玩的高兴，过的愉快
take a taxi乘出租车，打的
near here在这儿附近
on Center Street在中心大街
next to…在…旁边
between…and…在…和…之间
go straight一直走
in the neighborhood在附近
on the lefe/ right在左/右边
turn lefe/right向左/右拐
an old hotel一家旧旅馆
a small house with an interesting garden带有一个有趣花园的小房子
the beginning of…的开端
play games做游戏
on the bench在长凳上
the way to…去…的路
go down沿/顺着走
have a good trip有一个愉快的旅行
a quiet street一条安静的街道
a big supermarket一家大超市
a dirty park一个脏的公园
句子
Is there a bank near here？这儿附近有银行吗？
Yes, there is. It’s on Center Street.有，在中心大街。
The pay phone is across from the library.公用电话在图书馆的对面。
Is there a hotel in the neighborhood?这附近有旅馆吗？
Just go straight and turn left.一直走再左拐。
Next to the hotel is a small house with an interesting garden.
旅馆旁边是一座带有一个有趣花园的小房子。
This is the beginning of the garden tour.这只是我们花园旅程的开端。
Let me tell you the way to my house.让我来告诉你去我家的路。
Take a taxi from the airport.在机场乘出租车。
I hope you have a good trip.我希望你旅途愉快。
语法
询问地点时用特殊疑问词 where加一般疑问句。回答时常需用一些表示方位的介词短语来回答。
如 1.询问来自哪里
Where is your pen pal from? He’s from Australia.
Where does your pen pal come from? He comes from Australia.
2.询问住在哪里
Where does John live? He lives in Paris.
3.询问去哪里
Where are you going? I’m going to the supermarket.
4.询问物品的位置
Where is my key? It’s in the drawer.
5.询问地点
Where is the hospital? It’s on First Avenue.
6.询问人的位置
Where is our English teacher? She is on the playground.
Unit 3
词组
kind of有点儿，稍微
at night在夜里，在晚上
want to do sth.想要做某事
South Africa南非
be from来自
play with和…玩耍
eat grass吃草
be quiet安静
during the day在白天
句子
Why do you want to see the lions?你为什么要看狮子？
Because they are cute.因为它们可爱。
Why does he like koalas他为什么喜欢考拉？
Where are lions from?狮子出生在哪里？
Lions are from Africa.狮子出生在非洲。
What animals do you like?你喜欢什么动物？
What other animals do you like?你还喜欢其它什么动物？
She likes to play with her friends and eat grass.它喜欢和朋友们玩耍，吃草。
She’s very beautiful, but she’s very shy, so please be quiet.
它非常美丽，但害羞。所以请保持安静。
He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.
它白天睡觉，但晚上起来吃树叶。
He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
它通常每天睡觉休息20个小时。
语法
why, what, where引导的特殊疑问句
特殊疑问句的构成特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句
一般问句通常三类词开头 1，be动词。 is, am, are
2．助动词。 do, does
3．情态动词。 can
注意：一般疑问句应该用Yes或 No来回答，特殊疑问句不能用。
why开始的疑问句，一般要用because作答。
Unit 4
词组
a shop assistant售货员
a bank clerk银行职员
work with同…一起工作
give sb. sth.=give sth. to sb.把某物给某人
get sth. from sb.从某人处得到/获得某物
wear a white uniform穿白大褂
in the day在白天
at night在夜晚
kind of有点，稍微
go out to dinners外出就餐
like doing sth.喜欢干某事
talk to/with sb.与某人交谈
every day每天
in a hospital在医院（工作）
in hospital(生病)在医院
work hard努力工作
have a job for sb.有工作给某人
write stories写故事
work for a magazine为杂志社工作
a library assistant图书管理员
a P. E teacher体育教师
句子
What do you do?你做什么工作？
I’m a reporter.我是记者。
What does he/she do?他/她做什么工作？
He/She is a doctor.他/她是医生。
What do you want to be?你想做什么工作？
I want to be an actor.我想当医生。
What does he/she want to be?他/她想做什么工作？
He/She wants to be a bank clerk.他/她想当银行职员。
Where do you work?你在哪儿工作？
I work in a restaurant.我在饭店工作。
Where does he/she work?他/她在哪儿工作？
He/She works in a hospital.他/她在医院工作。
I work with people and money.我的工作是跟人和钱打交道。
People give me their money and get their money from me.人们把钱存到我这儿或从我这儿把钱取走。
I wear a white uniform.我穿件白大褂。
Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.有时我白天工作有时我夜晚工作。
My work is interesting but kind of dangerous.我的工作虽然有趣，但是有点危险。
Thieves don’t like me.小偷不喜欢我。
I’m very busy when people go out to dinners.当人们外出吃饭时我很忙。
I like talking to people.我喜欢和人们交谈。
I meet interesting people every day and ask them questions.我每天遇到些有趣的人并问他们问题。
语法
一般现在时表示包括“现在“在内的一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
1.表示习惯或经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态。常和副词often, always, usually, every day, sometimes等词连用。
2.表示主语现在的身份，状态，特性，性格等。
3.表示主语所具备的能力，性格等。
4.表示普遍真理和客观事实。
注意
⑴当主语是第三人称单数时，用“主语＋行为动词＋其他”句子时行为动词后要加-s.
⑵否定句中加了don’t,或doesn’t,后实义动词一定要变成原形。
⑶一般疑问句句首加了do, does,后面实义动词一定也要变成原形。
⑷一般疑问句，一般要把第一人称（I, we）变成第二人称(you),把some变成any.
Unit 5
词组
watch TV看电视
sound good听起来很好
go to the movies去看电影
TV show电视节目
do homework做家庭作业
write a letter写信
read a book看书
wait for等待，等候
talk to和…谈话
talk about谈论，讨论
play basketball打篮球
at the pool在游泳池
eat dinner吃饭
a photo of my family我全家的一张照片
play soccer踢足球
take photos拍照
句型
what’s he doing?他在干什么？
He’s reading.他在看书。
What are you doing?你在干什么？
I’m watching TV.我在看电视。
Do you want to go to the movies.你想看电影吗？
That sounds good. This TV shows is boring.那听起来不错。这个电视节目很无聊。
Is Nancy doing homework?南希在做作业吗？
No, she isn’t. She is writing a letter.不，她在写信。
When do you want to go?你们什么打算去？
Let’s go at six o’clock.我们六点去吧。
What’s he waiting for？他在等什么？
What are they talking about?他们在谈论什么？
Thanks for your letter and the photos.谢谢你的来信和寄来的照片。
In the first photo, I’m playing basketball at school.在第一张照片里，我在学校打篮球。
In the second photo, I’m swimming at the pool.在第二张照片里，我在游泳池里游泳。
She is doing homework. I’m watching TV.她在做作业，我在看电视。
Here’s a photo of my family.这是我家人的一张照片。
语法
现在进行时
1．用法：⑴表示现在正在进行的动作。
⑵表示当前一段时期的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．构成：动词be+现在分词。
3．现在分词的构成
⑴一般加－ing.如 watch—watching do—doing
⑵以不发音的字母e结尾，去e再加－ing。
如 make—making have—having
⑶重读闭音节结尾的词，如词尾只有一个辅音子母，应双写这一辅音子母，再加－ing.
如: sit—sitting run—running.
5.现在进行时的标志：
当句中出现look, listen, now等词时，句子往往用现在进行时。
Unit 6
词组：
play computer games玩电脑游戏
How’s it going?情况怎么样？
on vacation度假
take photos照相
a kind of一种…
have a good time玩得高兴
Eiffel Tower艾菲尔铁塔
句子
How’s the weather?天气怎么样？
It’s raining.正在下雨。
What are you doing?你在干什么？
I’m watching TV.我在看电视。
What are they doing?他们在干什么？
They are studying.他们在学习。
What’s he doing?他在干什么？
He’s playing basketball.他在打篮球。
What’s she doing?她在干什么？
She’s cooking.她在做饭。
Thank you for joining CCTVs Around The World show.
谢谢你参加中央电视台世界环球展。
I’m looking at five thousand years of history.我正在看历史五千年。
语法：
1． How引导的特殊疑问句‘怎样，怎么，如何’
⑴询问天气 How’s the weather? It’s raining.
⑵询问情况进展如何 How’s it going? Great.
2．有少量动词的现在进行时态可表示一最近按计划或安排要进行的动作，如：
do, come, go, arrive, start, leave, return, have, stay等。
Unit 7
词组：
look like看起来像
medium height中等身材
the captain of the…team…队的队长
a little bit有点儿，一点儿
tell jokes讲笑话
stop talking停止谈话
play chess下棋
the rock singer摇滚歌手
the pop singer流行歌手
a new look新形象，新面貌
句子：
What does she look like?她长得什么样？
She is medium build, and she has long hair.她中等身材，留着长发。
She is a little bit quiet.她有点儿话少。
Xu Qian loves to tell jokes.许茜爱讲笑话。
He likes reading and playing chess.他爱看书，爱下棋。
She never stops talking.她总是讲个不停。
The person is medium height.这个人中等身材。
I don’t think he’s so great.我认为他没那么伟大。
I’m very good-looking.我很好看。
语法：
⑴do和does
在一般现在时态的陈述句中，若无be动词或情态动词时，构成疑问句需加助动词do.当主语是第三人称单数时要用does.如：
Does she look like her father?
What do you/they look like?
What does he/she look like?
⑵be动词的用法
我用am,你用are, is跟这他，她，它。凡是复数都用are.
⑶have和has
在一般现在时态中，当主语是第三人称单数时，用have的三单形式has,其他人称不变（即用have）.如：
We have black hair. They both have a medium build.
She has curly hair. Henry has a happy family.
⑷一般疑问句
一般疑问句常以be动词，情态动词，助动词开始，回答时应用yes或no.
Unit 8
词组
would like要，想要
what kind什么种类
a bowl of noodles一碗面条
beef noodles牛肉面
what size多大尺寸
a medium bowl一个中碗
orange juice桔子汁
green tea绿茶
ice cream冰淇淋
句子
I’d like some noodles.我想吃点面条
What kind of noodles would you like?你想要那种面条？
Beef and tomato noodles, please.西红柿牛肉面。
What size bowl of noodles would he like?他要多大碗的面条？
He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles他想要一个小/中/大的面条。
We have some great specials!我们有非常棒的特价饺子。
Special 1 has beef and onions, and is just RMB 10 for 15.特价是牛肉，洋葱（陷），10元人民币就可以买到15个。
Come and get your dumplings today!今天来那饺子。
语法
情态动词would⑴情态动词后应加动词原形，⑵情态动词无人称和数的变化，适用于所有人称。
What引导的特殊疑问句。1，what加一般问句。2，what后跟不同的名词，构成不同的问句。如：What club does he play for?
What size would you like?
What colour are their bikes?
名词：表示人，事物，地点，或抽象概念的名称的词。
名词分可数名词，不可数名词。
二、八年级英语语法
呵呵希望对你有所帮助祝楼主进步哈
一.知识点总结：
（一）
一般将来时
一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。
be going to do（动词原形）结构：表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如：It is going to rain.
will do结构表示将来的用法：
1.表示预见
Do you think it will rain?
You will feel better after a good rest.
2.表示意图
I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.
What will she do tomorrow?
基本构成如下：
一般疑问句构成：
（1）will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?
（2）there be结构的一般疑问句：Will there+ be…?
Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will./ No, there won’t
否定句构成：will+ not（won’t）+do
Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.
特殊疑问句构成：
特殊疑问词＋will＋主语＋…？What will Sarah do next Sunday?
根据例句，用will改写下列各句
例：I don’t feel well today.（be better tomorrow）
I’ll be better tomorrow.
1. Gina has six classes today.（have a lot of homework tonight）
_____________________________
2. I’m tired now.（sleep later）
_____________________________
3. My parents need a new car.（buy one soon）
_____________________________
4. We can’t leave right now.（leave a little later）
_____________________________
5. The weather is awful today.（be better tomorrow）
_____________________________
答案：1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.
2. I’ll sleep later.
3. They’ll buy one soon.
4. We’ll leave a little later.
5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow.
（二）should的用法：
should用来提出建议和忠告，后边加动词原形，否定句直接在should后边加not.
例如：I think you should eat less junk food.
我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。
She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.
她经常开车，很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。
Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.
学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式：
（1）I think you should…
（2）Well, you could…
（3）Maybe you should…
（4）Why don’t you…?
（5）What about doing sth.?
（6）You’d better do sth.
用should或shouldn’t填空
1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.
You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.
2. Good friends ______ argue each other.
3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.
4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.
5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.
答案：1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should
（三）
过去进行时
过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。
1.构成
was/were+ doing，例如：
I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.
at 9 o’clock last night是时间点
They were playing football all afternoon.
all afternoon是时间段
2.过去进行时的标志词
at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如：
I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.
昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。
At that time she was writing a book.
那阵子她在写一本书。（表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。）
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______（read）books.
2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______（have）a party.
3. When I _____（come）into the classroom, she ________ ______（read）a storybook.
4. She _____ ______（play）computer games while her mother ____ ______（cook）yesterday afternoon.
5. I _____ ______（have）a shower when you _______（call）me yesterday.
答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading
4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called
（四）
间接引语
形成步骤：
（1）不要逗号，冒号，引号
（2）要考虑到人称的变化（人称的变化与汉语是一致的）
（3）要考虑时态的变化
（4）要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。
1.直接引语变成间接引语时，几个主要时态的变化规律
直接引语间接引语
一般现在时一般过去时
一般将来时过去将来时
现在进行时过去进行时
2.直接引语变成间接引语时，一些词汇的变化规律
直接引语
1. am/ is
2. are
3. have/ has
4. will
5. can
6. may间接引语
1. was
2. were
3. had
4. would
5. could
6. might
用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____（be）hard-working.
2. Peter told me he _____（be）bored yesterday.
3. She said she _____（go）swimming last Sunday.
4. Bobby said he _____（may）call me later.
5. Antonio told me he _____（read）a book then.
答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading
请转述他人说的话：
1. I go to the beach every Saturday.（Tom）
2. I can speak three languages.（Lucy）
3. I will call you tomorrow.（Mike）
4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana.（she）
（五）
if引导的条件状语从句
结构：if＋一般现在时，主语＋将来时
含义：如果……，将要……
例如：If you ask him, he will help you.
如果你请求他，他会帮助你。
If need be, we’ll work all night.
如果需要，我们就干个通宵。
根据中文提示，完成句子。
1.如果你参加聚会，你将会过得很开心。
If you ________ the party, you __________.
2.如果明天下雨，我们将不去野餐。
If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.
3.如果你经常听英文歌，你将会喜欢英语的。
If you often ________, you _________________.
答案：
1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time
2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic
3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English
二.完形填空特点及解题思路
（一）题型分类与特点
完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，从所给的短文整体出发，在正确理解短文意思的基础上，根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配等，用适当的词或词语填空，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单词或短语的填空，但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确，所以在空格上所填的词必须符合语义适用和语法正确两条原则，只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类：完形填空选择题和完形填空题。
1.完形填空选择题：该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格，对每一空格提供若干个选择项，要求考生通读短文后，在理解短文意思的基础上，运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识，从所提供的备选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难易程度相当，字数在150－200个单词之内，多数设置10个左右空格，所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。短文的第一句一般不设空，以期提供一个语境，对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类，给判定选择带来一定的干扰，侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。
2.选词填空题：该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序，不按原文顺序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框内，有时还增加几个文外的词，要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。
（A）
Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase（短语）“have a day off”. He 2, then he had an idea.“Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3?”he asked the teacher.“Of course, you can.”replied（答复）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door.“May I have a day off 5?”The teacher was very surprised,“Didn’t you 6 it just now?”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be here 7, either.”The teacher understood him and could not help 8. Then he said with a smile,“Why didn’t you say‘May I have two days off?’”The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice.“But you only 10 us‘have a day off!’”
（）1. A. but B. and C. or D. for
（）2. A. thought hardly
B. thought hard and hard
C. hard thought
D. thought and thought
（）3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr
（）4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock
（）5. A. also B. again C. too D. once
（）6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do
（）7. A. tomorrow
B. the day after tomorrow
C. yesterday
D. the day before yesterday
（）8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing
（）9. A. with B. on C. in D. by
（）10. A. teach B. taught C. are teaching D. were teaching
（B）
请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处，使短文完整，有些词要根据需要作适当的词形变化。
than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, what
A generation gap（代沟）has become a serious problem. I read a _______（1）about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed _______（2）after quarrels（争吵）with parents. I think this is _______（3）they don’t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend _______（4）time in the office. _______（5）they don’t have much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel _______（6）they don’t have the same topics（话题）to talk about. I want to _______（7）parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling _______（8）your parents. They are the people who _______（9）you. So tell them your thoughts（想法）. In this way, you can have a better _______（10）of each other.
完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是：
1.跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格，通读试题所给的要完形填空的短文，获得整体印象，做到弄清文脉、抓住主旨，较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择，切忌仓促下笔。
2.结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上，再结合所给备选项细读全文，联系上、下文内容，注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示，以词、句的意义为先，再从分析句子结构入手，根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑，对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选，排除干扰项、初步选定答案。
3.瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自己最有把握的答案先做，一下子不能确定答案的，先跳过这一空格，继续往下做，最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。这时可结合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文，随着对短文理解的深入，可以降低试题的难度，提高选择的正确率。
4.复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后，把所选的答案代入原文，再把全文通读一篇，逐空认真复查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确，是否符合习惯表达法。如发现错误答案或有疑问的，应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。
完形填空试题的一般解题思路是：
1.跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格，通读完形填空的短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文主题及大意。
2.复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。
3.三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验，可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
（三）课文阅读指导
1.初中阅读
阅读理解能力
（1）理解主旨要义
（2）理解文中具体信息
（3）根据上下文猜测生词的意义
（4）做出简单判断的推理
（5）理解文章的基本结构
（6）理解作者的意图和态度
2.培养良好阅读习惯
（1）扩大视距
（2）克服声读
（3）克服逐字读
3.猜测词文
（1）通过标题或主题句进行预测
（2）文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义，因此通过文章标题或主题句进行预测，以便正确理解。
（3）通过语篇标记进行预测
（4）语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。
（5）利用背景知识预测
（6）利用图片进行预测
三、用下面提供的短语完成句子。
have to"不得不”
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语：常置于句末，而用it代替其做形式主语。
例：To go in for sports helps you stay fit.(book4 L28)
It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.
It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
注：此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出，逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等表示
评价的形容词。例：It's right for him to refuse the invitation.(him为逻辑主语)
2、表语：Our duty is to protect the environment.
3、动词宾语：此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例：Would you like to see my photos?
Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4，L11)
和plan用法一样的词还有：start，want，agree，hope，begin，decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a job.(it为形式宾语)
4、宾语补足语：(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to：
例：I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4，L2)
(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词
(see，watch，hear，feel，notice，observe，make，let，have，help等)后不带to。
例：They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
5、定语：动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例：Vinny is the first disabled person to sail around the world.(book4，L1)
6、形容词补足语：在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明。
例：We are very glad to meet you again.
7、状语：表示目的、原因、程度等。
例：They brought in photos of their families for me to look at.(book4，L2)
8、“疑问词＋不定式”用法：不定式前可带what，who，which，where，when，how等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例：He didn't tell me where to go.
9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(to be+过去分词)”
例：There are twenty more trees to be planted.
1不定式作宾语
1)动词+不定式
afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavour hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought plan prepare pretend promise refuse seem tend wait wish undertake
举例：
The driver failed to see the other car in time.
司机没能及时看见另一辆车。
I happen to know the answer to your question.
我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。
2）动词+不定式；动词+宾语+不定式
ask, beg, choose, expect, hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish…
I like to keep everything tidy.我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。
I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。
I want to speak to Tom.我想和汤姆谈话。
I want you to speak to Tom.我想让你和汤姆谈话。
3）动词+疑问词+ to
decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell
Please show us how to do that.请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。
The question is how to put it into practice.
问题是怎样把它付诸实施。