一、小妇人英文佳句赏析
1.小妇人的经典语句英语
小妇人》The little old woman: one is the happiest thing is that somebody loves you.
When you are at my time, I absent-minded,
When I come to you, when you have gone.
We are always in a meeting to miss, losing a lot of.
However, I want to say this is because we are still young.
No, perhaps this is our life.
From then on, I always looked back the road.
当你凝望我的时候,我心不在焉,
当我奔向你的时候,你已经无影无踪了。
我们总是在一次次错过时,失去了很多。
不过,我想说这是因为我们还年轻。
不,或许这就是我们的人生。
从那以后,我总会回头望望来时的路。
2.求《小妇人》英文版中经典的句子“I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship.”― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women“Love covers a multitude of sins…”― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women“such hours are beautiful to live, but very hard to describe…”― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women“I don't like favors; they oppress and make me fell like a slave. I'd rather do everything for myself, and be perfectly independent.”― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women“Simple, sincere people seldom speak much of their piety; it shows itself in acts rather than words, and has more influence than homilies or protestations.”― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women。
3.求《小妇人》英文版中经典的句子“I am not afraid of storms, for I am learning how to sail my ship.”
― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
“Love covers a multitude of sins…”
― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
“such hours are beautiful to live, but very hard to describe…”
― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
“I don't like favors; they oppress and make me fell like a slave. I'd rather do everything for myself, and be perfectly independent.”
― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
“Simple, sincere people seldom speak much of their piety; it shows itself in acts rather than words, and has more influence than homilies or protestations.”
― Louisa May Alcott, Little Women
4.《小妇人》、《远大前程》中有哪些优美的句子小妇人
1.Oh, my girls, however long you may live, I never can wish you a greater happiness than this!无论活到何时,永远是最幸福的(对她的孩子)
2.婚姻毕竟是一件极好的事情。要是我试试,不知结局会不会有你一半好
3.你所需要的正是露出你性格中女子温柔的那一半,乔
4你就像一个带壳的栗子,外面多刺,内里却光滑柔软。要是有人能接近,还有个甜果仁。将来有一天,爱情会使你表露心迹的,那时你的壳便脱落了
5..夫人,严霜会冻开栗壳,使劲摇会摇下栗子。男孩子们好采栗子。可是,我不喜欢让他们用口袋装着
远大前程
`We are friends,' said I, rising and bending over her, as she rose from the bench.
`And will continue friends apart,' said Estella.
I took her hand in mine, and we went out of the ruined place; and, as the morning mists had risen long ago when I first left the forge, so, the evening mists were rising now, and in all the broad expanse of tranquil light they showed to me, I saw no shadow of another parting from her.
译文为:
“我俩仍是朋友。”我说着站起身,并俯身扶她从长椅上站了起来。
“我们虽然分离,但愿情意长存。”埃斯苔娜说道。
我把她的手握在自己手中,一同走出这片废墟。记得在很久之前我第一次离开铁匠铺时,正值晨雾刚刚消散;现在我们刚走出废墟,夜雾也正开始消散。一片广阔的静寂沉浸在月色之中,似乎向我表明,我和她将永远一起,不再分离。
But that poor dream, as I once used to call it, has all gone by, Biddy, all gone by!”(可是那个我一度称为可怜地旧梦,已经随时间飘逝了!毕蒂,它已经飘逝了!)
`And will continue friends apart,' said Estella.
而且即便分开,也依然是朋友。”埃斯苔娜接着说
5.急求《小妇人》的英文简介Little Women is a"coming of age" drama tracing the lives of four sisters: Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy. During the American Civil War, the girls father is away serving as a minister to the troops. The family, headed by thier beloved Marmee, must struggle to make ends meet, with the help of their kind and wealthy neighbor, Mr. Laurence, and his high spirited grandson Laurie.。
二、老人与海佳句赏析英文
1.《老人与海》英文版,好词好句有哪些
1、But,then,nothing is easy.不过话得说回来,没有一桩事是容易的.
2、Now is no time to think of what you do not have.Think of what you can do with what there is.现在不是去想缺少什么的时候,该想一想凭现有的东西你能做什么.
3、It is silly not to hope,he thought.人不抱希望是很傻的.
4、They were strange shoulders,still powerful although very old,and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward.这两个肩膀挺怪,人非常老迈了,肩膀却依然很强健,脖子也依然很壮实,而且当老人睡着了,脑袋向前耷拉着的时候,皱纹也不大明显了.
5、His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun.他的衬衫上不知打了多少次补丁,弄得像他那张帆一样,这些补丁被阳光晒得褪成了许多深浅不同的颜色.
6、When the third appeared,he thrust at it with the knife,only to feel the blade snap as the fish rolled.当第三条鲨鱼出现时,他把刀子向鲨鱼戳去.鲨鱼打了一个滚,结果把刀给折断了.
7、The old man shivered in the cold that came after sunset.When something took one of his remaining baits,he cut the line with his sheath knife.日落之后,寒意袭人,老人冷得发抖.当他剩下的鱼饵中有一块被咬住时,他就用自己那把带鞘的刀把钓丝给割断了.
8、Close to nightfall a dolphin took the small hook he had rebaited.He lifted the fish aboard,careful not to jerk the line over his shoulder.黄昏之际,一条海豚吞食了他重新放上鱼饵的小钩子.他把这条“鱼”提到了船板上,小心不去拉动他肩上的钓丝.
9、As the sun rose he saw other boats in toward shore,which was only a low green line on the sea.阳升起时,他看到别的一些船只都头朝着海岸,在海上看来海岸象是一条接近地平线的绿带子.
10、But the old man thought only of his steering and his great tiredness.He had gone out too far and the sharks had beaten him.He knew they would leave him nothing but the stripped skeleton of his great catch.老人此时想到的只是掌舵,和他自己极度的疲乏.他出海太远了,那些鲨鱼把他打败了.他知道那些鲨鱼除了大马林鱼的空骨架之外,是什么也不会给他留下的.
瘦骨嶙峋:as lean as a rake
静悄悄:very quiet
难以置信:be beyond belief
银光闪闪:silver
模模糊糊:obscure
有滋有味:with relish
血肉模糊:badly mutilated
轻手轻脚:cautiously without any noise
晦气:bad luck
倒霉透顶:Downright
参考资料
海明威.老人与海.上海:上海译文出版社,1999年
2.老人与海经典语句英文[老人与海]英文版经典语句:
1.Every day is a new day. It is better to be lucky. But I would rather be exact. Then when luck comes you are ready.
每一天都是一个新的日子。走运当然是好的,不过我情愿做到分毫不差。这样,运气来的时候,你就有所准备了。
2.But,then,nothing is easy.
不过话得说回来,没有一桩事是容易的。
3.A man is not made for defeat,a man can be destroyed but not defeated.
一个人并不是生来就要被打败的,人尽可以被毁灭,但却不能被打败。
4.The clouds over the land now rose like mountains and the coast was only a long green line with the gray-blue hills behind it. The water was a dark blue now,so dark that it was almost purple.
陆地上空的云块这时候像山冈般耸立着,海岸只剩下一长条绿色的线,背后是些灰青色的小山.海水此刻呈现蓝色,深的简直发紫了。
5.Now is no time to think of what you do not have. Think of what you can do with what there is.
现在不是去想缺少什么的时候,该想一想凭现有的东西你能做什么。
6.It is silly not to hope,he thought.
人不抱希望是很傻的。
7.But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert. Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
但是这些伤疤中没有一块是新的。它们像无鱼可打的沙漠中被侵蚀的地方一般古老。他身上的一切都显得古老,除了那双眼睛,它们像海水一般蓝,喜气洋洋而不肯认输的。
8.They were strange shoulders,still powerful although very old,and the neck was still strong too and the creases did not show so much when the old man was asleep and his head fallen forward.
这两个肩膀挺怪,人非常老迈了,肩膀却依然很强健,脖子也依然很壮实,而且当老人睡着了,脑袋向前耷拉着的时候,皱纹也不大明显了。
9.His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun.
他的衬衫上不知打了多少次补丁,弄得像他那张帆一样,这些补丁被阳光晒得褪成了许多深浅不同的颜色。
来源:
3.老人与海英文版好词好句摘抄翻译如下:老人与海英文版海明威的句子特点就是没有一个多余的字。
好句子:①“But a man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”人不是为失败而生的。一个人可以被毁灭,但不能给打败②But, then, nothing is easy.不过话得说回来,没有一桩事是容易的。
③It is silly not to hope, he thought.人不抱希望是很傻的。④If you said a good thing, it might not happen.如果你说出了一件好的事情,那么那件好事可能就会不出现了。
⑤Now is no time to think of what you do not have. Think of what you can do with what there is.现在不是去想缺少什么的时候,该想一想凭现有的东西你能做什么⑥His shirt had been patched so many times that it was like the sail and the patches were faded to many different shades by the sun.他的衬衫上不知打了多少次补丁,弄得像他那张帆一样,这些补丁被阳光晒得褪成了许多深浅不同的颜色.⑦To be, or not to be: that is the question:生存还是毁灭,这是一个值得考虑的问题;⑧:Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man.保持你头脑的清醒,并且懂得如何像一个男子汉那样承受痛苦。⑨:The position actually was only somewhat less intolerable; but he thought of it as almost comfortable.实际上的方位只能稍微带给人少许无法忍受的感觉,但他几乎想象这是一件舒适的事情。
⑩Whether'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end them.默然忍受命运的暴虐的毒箭,或是挺身反抗人世的无涯的苦难,通过斗争把它们扫清,这两种行为,哪一种更高贵?。
4.求《老人与海》英文版的中的经典语句他身上的一切都显得古老,除了那双眼睛,它们象海水一般蓝,是愉快而不肯认输的。他心地单纯,不去捉摸自己什么时候达到这样谦卑的地步。可是他知道这时正达到了这地步,知道这并不丢脸,所以也无损于真正的自尊心。“你是我的闹钟,”孩子说。“年纪是我的闹钟,”老人说。他不再梦见风暴,不再梦见妇女们,不再梦见伟大的事件,不再梦见大鱼,不再梦见打架,不再梦见角力,不再梦见他的妻子。他如今只梦见一些地方和海滩上的狮子。它们在暮色中象小猫一般嬉耍着,他爱它们,如同爱这孩子一样。
老渔夫想:这里离海岸实在是太近了,也许在更远的地方会有更大的鱼……
暂时这些,如果不够等下吃完饭再补一些给你
5.老人与海英文赏析Saturday afternoon, we even appear classes two language courses watched a film--"The Old Man and the Sea." Read this film, I was deeply impressed."" The Old Man and the Sea"is a very powerful, very simple works It is a resistance with the United States."This is the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences Heershimu evaluated. This film's protagonist Santiago, fishermen, the film highlights the"Iron man" image, to the audience left a deep impression. And shark fishermen in the same struggle, he said:"people are not for the failure of Health, a person can be destroyed but not defeated."This sentence is, I admire the fishermen will remember with affection. Fishermen in the 85th day alone in a big sea. This time, he found a lucky is to be lured by the Francisco. After three days old night were caught this big fish, this is how gratifying. But the pleasure is not always a long time, the homeward journey, the old man also encountered a group of a group of shark attacks, meat doom. The elderly may face a strong opponent, and my heart knows is bound to fail, but he did not flinch, still bravely fighting, are not even afraid of death, which is how we should learn from, ah! In our real life, there are many forces, and people often bow to evil, Few people brave enough to fight it, I was such a person. Therefore, we must face up to the evil forces, even if I lose, we must maintain winners gracefully. We need to cultivate this spirit that we can better foothold in the community."The Old Man and the Sea" this movie I learned a lot in the truth in life. I have to understand the law of the jungle in today's society based on the need for"Iron man". This is necessary conditions. We want the elderly to learn from his"Iron man"!。
6.老人与海名句英文原文
“But a man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but not defeated.”
出处:
海明威:《老人与海》中。
理解:
《老人与海》的内容很简单,海明威选用了简单的词汇,简单的句型结构和简单的句间逻辑关系,显示出一种朴素的尊严。“一个人可以被消灭,可你就是打不败他”。初读起来十分简单明了,但是细究下去,会发现简单的故事具有难以穷尽的内涵,具有极其独特的表现手法。
自然法则是人类力量不可抗拒的,人类可以利用自然、改造自然,但人类不能征服自然。
这句话的意思是“一个人,生来不是为失败而生,尽管他有可能被别人打倒,但仅仅是肉体上的,而精神是永存的。有了顽强的信念作为支撑,即使前面有再大的阻碍,即使没有命运的垂青,他依旧是胜利的。”
参考资料:?fr=qrl3
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三、英美文学诗歌赏析方法
可尝试的备考诗歌鉴赏的七个步骤:
一、客观:即可通过查阅资料、工具书或者专业书籍来提前准备好通用于一般诗歌的知识。
第一步、了解诗歌分类:
诗歌可分为叙事诗和抒情诗两大类。叙事诗包括史诗、传奇和民谣;抒情诗包括悼念诗、题词、十四行诗、六节诗、黎明别歌等。
1.叙事诗:
a.史诗:史诗属长篇叙事诗,它记录英雄的种种冒险。典型的史诗是对某一文明起源的记载,并且反映出这一文明最基本的信仰和价值。由于常以宏大的场面作背景,记述的又是英雄的丰功伟绩,史诗往往高于生活。它的风格,庄严而宏大。史诗应该是正式的、复杂的和严肃的。
b.民谣:民谣不如史诗那般雄心勃勃。早期的通俗民谣被人们世代传颂,后来才有文字记录。除了这些作者未署名的通俗民谣外,还有另一种有作者署名的文学民谣。文学民谣的风格更华丽,诗歌技巧的运用也更自觉。
c.传奇:传奇也是叙事诗的一种。冒险是这种诗歌的主要特色。传奇的情节往往复杂,常有令人惊奇或显示魔法的情节出现。
2.抒情诗:
抒情诗中,故事和情节服从于旋律和情感。抒情诗虽然简短,却表现了一个特定说话者的情绪和思维。与叙事诗相比,抒情诗更加多样化,对传统格式的遵循也不那么严格。简洁、旋律美和强烈的情感是抒情诗的典型特点。
主要的抒情诗:
a.警句诗Eplgram:篇幅短而充满睿智,常常有讽刺意味。蒲柏的【论狗之项圈】
b.挽歌Elegy:是对死者所作的哀悼。托马斯格雷【乡村墓畔哀歌】
c.颂诗Ode:颂诗较长,风格庄重,诗节的长短、格律、形式均不受限制。济慈【夜莺颂】
d.黎明别歌Aubade:属爱情诗,它哀叹黎明时情人分离的情景。邓恩【日出】
e.十四行诗Sonnet:在有限的篇幅中高度浓缩了情感的宣泄或观点的表达。主要由两种形式:意大利式(彼得拉克式)和英国式(莎士比亚式)。意大利式分为前八行和后六行;莎士比亚式则分为三个四行诗节和一个双行押韵体。不同的结构适合表达不同的情感与思想。因此,意大利式可能会在前八行中提出问题,在后面六行里作出回答,而莎士比亚式则通常在第一个四行里引出话题,在下两个四行里将其扩展,在最后两行中概括总结,得出结论。
第二步、“通假词汇”掌握:
英美诗歌会有很多词看不懂,类似于我们文言文的通假字差不多,掌握它们在阅读古代的一些诗歌时会容易很多。如Thou=You的主格、Thee=You的宾格、Thy=Your、Thine=Your用在元音前、Methink=It seems to me、Artless=Innocent、Hapless=Unlucky、Haply=Perhaps、Anon=At once、Erst=Formerly、Quit=leave、Tarry=Remain、Wrought=Worked、Fare=walk、Clad=Clothed、Wilt=Will、Shalt=Shall、Canst=Can、Dost=Do、Didst=Did、Ere=Before、Albeit=Although等等。所以看懂是第一步,也是最基本的,需要我们提前准备好相关的知识。
第三步、节奏、格律、音步等知识的准备:
1.节奏、音步
英文诗歌时有节奏,而且在诗歌鉴赏中也是很重要的一部分。英文没有平声、仄声之分,其节奏是通过重读音节与轻读音节表现出来的。一个重读音节与一个或两个轻读音节按一定的模式搭配起来,有规律地反复出现就是英文诗歌的节奏。
例如:
Alone丨she cuts丨and binds丨the grain,
And sings丨a me丨lancho丨ly strain.
这两行诗的重读与轻读的固定搭配模式是:轻-重。在每行中出现四次,这样就形成了这两行诗的节奏,某种固定的轻重搭配叫“音步foot”,一行诗中轻重搭配出现的次数叫音步数,这两行诗的音步数都是四,所以就称其为四音步诗。
最常见的音步类型有四种:
(1)抑扬格:
如果一个音步中有两个音节,前者为轻,后者为重,则这种音步叫抑扬格音步。轻读是“抑”,重读是“扬”,一轻一重,称为抑扬格。英语中大量的单词发音都是一轻一重的,如adore, excite, above, around, appear, besides等,所以英语写诗,抑扬格就很便利,符合英语的发音规律,百分之九十的英文诗都是用抑扬格写成的。
(2)扬抑格:
同理,扬抑格与抑扬格恰好相反。英语中也有一批读音一重一轻的单词,如happy, many, holy, upper, failing等。但这类词数量不如前面的那些多,与英文的语言规律不十分吻合,所以扬抑格诗不多,例如:
Present丨mirth has丨present丨laughter
Shake your丨chains to丨earth like丨dew
(3)抑抑扬格:
抑抑扬格含三个音节,即轻-轻-重。例如:cavalier, intercede, disbelieve, disapprove, on the hill.
可以感受下拜伦的这首诗:
The Assyr丨ian came down丨like thewolf丨on the fold,
And his coh丨orts wereglea丨ming in purp丨le and gold;
And the sheen丨of their spears丨was likestars丨on the sea,
When the blue丨waves rolls night丨ly on deep丨Galilee.
(4)扬抑抑格:
重-轻-轻是扬抑抑格。例如:happily, merciful, eloquent, messenger, quantity.等
例句:
Dragging the丨corn by her丨golden hair.
以上的音步类型只是理论上的分析,实际上,一首诗仅用一种音步类型写,这种情况极为少见,大多是以某一种为主,同时穿插其他类型。例如,以抑扬格为主要节奏写成的,就称此诗为抑扬格诗。现代兴起的一些自由诗free verse,不受这些格律的限制。
2.诗行:
一诗行不一定是一个完整的句字。有时候,一行诗正好是一句,有时两行甚至许多才构成一个意思完整的句子。前者叫end-stopped line结句行,后者叫run-on line跨句行。例如:
I shot an arrow into the air,
It fell to earth, I knew not where;
For, so swiftly it flew, the sight
Could not follow it in its flight.
前两行诗end-stopped line,后两行是run-on line。读跨行句诗,行末停顿较短。
诗行的长短以音步数目计算,英文诗行的长度范围一般是1-5音步,6、7、8音步的诗行也有,但不多。最多的是四音步、五音步的诗。在分析一首诗的格律时,既要考虑诗的基本音步类型,也要考虑此诗中诗行的音步数目。例如Pope的一首诗:
You beat丨your pate,丨and fan丨cy wit丨will come;
Knock as丨you please,丨there’s no丨body丨at home.
此诗的基本音步类型是抑扬格,每行五音步。因此此诗的格律是“抑扬格五音步”,一首诗的音步类型和诗行所含的音步数目构成此诗的格律meter.
3.押韵rhyme
(1)全韵与半韵(full rhyme and half rhyme)
全韵是严格的押韵,其要求是:
a.韵要押在重读音节上,其元音应相同
b.元音前的辅音应不同
c.如果元音之后有辅音,应相同
d.重读音节之后如有轻读音节,也应相同
例如下面几对词都符合全韵的标准:why-sigh, hate-late, fight-delight, powers-flowers, today-sway等。
如果仅是元音字母相同,读音不同,不符合全韵,如:blood-hood, there-here, gone-alone等,这类被叫做眼韵eye rhyme,虽然有诗人会用,但不是真正的押韵。
仅仅是辅音相同或仅是元音相同的属于半韵:
(2)尾韵与行内韵(end rhyme and internal rhyme)
押在诗行最后一个重读音节上,叫尾韵。这是英文诗歌最常见的押韵部位。诗行中间停顿处的重读音节与该行最后一个重读音节押韵的,叫行内韵。如:
Spring, the sweet spring, is the year’spleasant king;
Then blooms each thing, then maids dance ina ring.
(3)男韵与女韵(masculine rhyme and feminine rhyme)
所押的韵音局限于诗行中重读的末尾音节上,称男韵,也叫单韵,听起来强劲有力。如:late, fate; hill, fill; enjoy, destroy.等
押韵押在两个音节上,后一音节非重读音节,称女韵,也叫双韵,听起来或轻快,或幽婉。如:lighting, fighting; motion, ocean; wining, beginning.看下面这首诗,前两行押女韵,后两行押男韵:
I am coming, little maiden,
With the pleasant sunshine laden;
With the honey for the bee,
With the blossom for the tree.
也有不少英文诗是不押韵的,不押韵的诗称作无韵诗或白体诗blank verse。多用在戏剧和叙事诗中。莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的Paradise Lost都是用blank verse写成的。押韵的诗叫rhyme verse。
第四步、背景知识:
诗歌是在一定历史条件下的产物,对诗歌的鉴赏离不开对诗歌背景和作者的分析。例如庞德的那首In a Station of the Metro:
The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
Petals on a wet black bough.
当了解了作者的背景和他的创作风格之后,再把这首诗放在整个社会背景之中,这首诗创作于第一次世界大战期间,人们都生活在战争的威胁和恐慌之中,地铁车站就是社会的一个缩影,而出现在车站的人们也像幽灵般时隐时现,反映出人们在战争中的心理状态—悲伤、无助和面无生气。但是,虽然枝头潮湿黑暗,但却有花瓣挂在上面。暗示我们虽然社会现状不那么令人满意,但希望仍存在于人们的心中。
第五步、修辞手段、主题、意象、象征等:
1.修辞:
修辞手段有很多比如夸张;低调;提喻;换喻;拟人等等,这些在语言学上我们已经有所掌握。这里主要说一下明喻和隐喻这两种在诗歌中有着特别重要作用的修辞手段。这两种修辞手段的本质都在于比较:将本来不相关的事物联系起来,以其中一物为视角看待另一物。隐喻是诗歌的中心特点,诗歌从本质上来说,就是“言A而指B,以一件事说明另一件事”。
“我女儿跳起舞来犹如天使”是明喻,“我女儿是个天使”却是隐喻。这两者的区别不仅仅在于是否用了like/as这类的词:明喻往往更为直接明确,但在含蓄、意义的内涵上不如隐喻。也就是说,女儿天使般的特质在后一句中表现得更为丰满。前一句里她不过是跳舞跳得像天使罢了(该句并不隐含她具有天使的其他的品质)。
2.意象Imagery:
是将情感和思想化为具体的细节,这些细节与我们对世界的自然感知密切相关,并使我们在想象中重温曾有过的感官经历。我们看到黎明破晓,黑夜来临;我们听到狗的吠叫和孩子的笑声;我们感到寒风入骨的刺痛;我们闻到香水浓烈的气味;我们尝到冰激凌和比萨饼的味道。诗中此种细节比比皆是,它们让我们沉入回忆,激起我们的情感,要求我们的回应。
3.象征Symbolism:
象征可以是任何事物或行为,但其所指已超出了它原本的含义。比如:玫瑰可以指代美丽、爱情或昙花一现;树可以指代家族的祖先与旁系;高飞的鸟代表自由;光明可能意味着希望、知识或生命。这些和其他熟悉的象征,视其在具体诗篇里的具体应用,可以表示不同的意思,甚至反面的意思。例如:水既是生命的典型象征(雨水、繁殖、食物),又可以象征死亡(暴风雨、洪水)。任何象征,无论是物体、动作,还是姿势,其具体意义,都是由当时的语境决定的。但是我们怎样才能知道诗中的细节是否具有象征意义呢?就像我们阅读时作出的其他阐释性联想一样,决定什么东西有象征意义要看我们的阅读技巧是否高明,要看诗中的上下文是否进行了提示。下面这些问题可以指导我们分析象征。
a.这一物体、动作、姿势或事件在全诗中是否重要?描述的是否相近?是否反复出现?是否在诗的高潮部分出现?
b.我们在一首诗中获得的细节是否被赋予了比字面意思更为重要的意义?
c.我们所做的这种象征性的阅读是否有意义?它是否也包含了按其字面意思理解的所有细节,而不是忽略甚至扭曲了它们?
二、主观:即具体诗歌具体鉴赏的主观分析。
要弄清三个问题:第一,这首诗要说明什么?第二,它是如何来说明的?第三、这首诗带给了我们哪些启示?
第六步、内容方面:
也就是第一个问题,这首诗要说明什么,做内容方面的分析要考虑整篇诗歌的内容,作者所处的时代背景,创作这首诗的原因,所用的结构,手法等。这一切就是前面5个步骤所做的铺垫,考前准备好名篇的这些要素,对于我们考场高效的答题是很有帮助的。
第七步、体会:艺术性和意义性双维度。
做个人体会时,主要考虑后两个问题,第二个问题就是从艺术性的角度来衡量,第三个问题就是从意义性的角度来衡量。
———拷自牙哥、日常,侵删