一、张培基英译散文赏析之《书房》
书房
My study
何为
Hewei
|译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
书房，是读书人心目中的一个私人领地，一个精神家园，一个智慧的世界。到过几位朋友家的书房，尽管大小各不相同，陈设各异，但四壁书橱架上，层层叠叠的书籍，或排成整齐的行列，或纵横交错如阡陌丛林，满屋子到处是书，则大体相同。新时期以来，各种多卷本全套硬面精装的文集，形形***的选集，足以令书房生辉。其间不乏名著佳作，可作为文化积累，但也难免混杂一些文化垃圾。当然，这些都无碍于书房主人坐拥书城之乐。
The study is to a scholar his private domain
his spiritual home and his intellectual world. I’ve been to the studies of several friends. Though of different sizes and with different furnishings
they are nevertheless about the same in boasting a roomful of books. Books shelved in bookcases lining the four walls. Books either piled up one upon another
or displayed in neat rows
or laid out in disorder like fields with crisscross footpaths or a jungle. In recent years
the appearance of various multivolume collected works in deluxe editions as well as selected works of every description has added to the splendor of a study. Among them there is no lack of great classics and master writings. On the other hand
some trash is inevitably mixed with them too. But that doesn’t hinder the owner of the study from enjoying the pany of his library.
要点：
1，“但四壁书橱架上，层层叠叠的书籍，或排成整齐的行列，或纵横交错如阡陌丛林，满屋子到处是书，则大体相同”这句话看似结构松散，其实暗藏玄机，我们可以把“满屋子到处是书，则大体相同”看成总括的中心句与上句“尽管…”接应，将“但四壁书架上…丛林”是描述书房具体情况的分句~故可拆译，译为三个分句。
2，“满屋子到处是书，则大体相同“提前，译为they are nevertheless about the same in boasting a roomful of books
其中boast相当于have
但其中包含有”自豪“的内涵，之前我们总结过表示”有…“的词，常见的有possess
own，以及feature在一定语境下也可以表示”有“，童鞋们平时也要注意积累这些常见的表述~
3，“四壁书橱架上“在原文中作状语，但因其包含的信息量比较大，且意思独立，因此单独拿出来译为Books shelved in bookcases lining the four walls.避免句子太过复杂冗长
4，“…层层叠叠的书籍，或排成整齐的行列，或纵横交错如阡陌丛林“译为Books either piled up one upon another
or displayed in neat rows
or laid out in disorder like fields with crisscross footpaths or a jungle.译者将在原文中作形容词的”层层叠叠的“进行转换，译为动词~体现了灵活性，另，”纵横交错如阡陌丛林“意即”纵横交错地摆着，像是田间的小路或是丛林“译为or laid out in disorder like fields with crisscross footpaths or a jungle.
5，“不乏有…”=there is no lack of
6
”坐拥书城之乐”即“享受拥有私人藏书馆的乐趣”译为enjoying the pany of his library.
综述：
注意本段对于长句拆分来译的方法~
书房永远是令人向往的去处。
A study is always a place of enormous appeal to us.
要点：be+抽象名词=形容词，是文学翻译中常用的手法，延长行文的长度，以获得更好的行文效果
我从事笔耕数十年，从来没有一间自己的书房，一间独立的、完整的、名副其实的书房。我多次迁居，从大城市直到外省人烟稀少的小山村。每次搬家时，惟有书籍最累人，也最难舍弃。我爱书，说不上藏书丰富，日积月累倒也可观，几经迁移，不但没有损失，反而日益增多，因为居处的局限，每每有书满为患之感。现在我的卧室就是书房，羣书延伸到小卫生间的大书架上，无法腾出一室作书房。
I’ve been engaged in writing for several decades
but I’ve never had a study of my own– a study that is independent
intact and true to its name
that is. I’ve moved many times
once even away from a big city to a remote*** all mountain village in another province. Whenever I moved
my books
cumbersome as they were
turned out to be the last thing for me to part with. I’m a bibliophile. My collection of books is far from being a big private library
but it keeps growing from day to day. Several times of house moving did not disperse my collection. On the country
it has bee larger with each passing day until my*** all dwelling is overcrowded with them. Now the shelves of books in my study-cum-bedroom extend as far as the tiny toilet. No room is available to serve specifically as a study.
要点：
1，“一间独立的、完整的、名副其实的书房”译为a study that is independent
intact and true to its name
that is.其中“名副其实的“= true to its name，句末的that is意为“换言之”
2，“我爱书”译为. I’m a bibliophile.也是很有新意的，
3，“我的卧室就是书房”即“我的卧室兼书房”译为my study-cum-bedroom，其中cum是介词，作“兼做”解
4，“每次搬家时，惟有书籍最累人，也最难舍弃。”即“每次搬家，尽管我的书是最笨重的，它们却是我最难舍弃的”翻译时增译关联词“尽管“使得行文更加流畅~
综述：本段句式虽然我们基本可以顺下来，但大师译得还是很出彩，值得多多学习~
然而，在我的文学生涯中，一度也有一间自己的书房。所谓书房，其实是一间贮藏室。那幢在本世纪初落成的陈旧宅第，开间很大，楼下一间屋子就可作为街道办的托儿所。我的一家住在三楼一大间，按今日标准，至少可分成三间，真是大而无当。不过房门外，紧靠楼梯，有一间贮藏室，倒是极为难得的。门一关，可与全家的生活区完全隔绝，避免尚在幼年的孩子们往来干扰。
However
in the course of my career as a writer
I did once own a study
or
to be exact
a storeroom turned study. I was then living in an old house built at the turn of the century. It was quite roomy
so much so that the ground floor served even as a neighborhood nursery. I and family lived in a room on the third floor
which was really big but impractical because
according to today’s standard
it could have been divided into at least three rooms. Fortunately
close to the staircase just outside my room
there was a storeroom
which I regarded as something of great rarity to me because sitting inside it behind the closed door I could cut myself off from my family and work without any disturbance from my*** all kids.
要点：
1，“所谓书房，其实是一间贮藏室。“译为to be exact
a storeroom turned study.其中storeroom turned study即”由储藏室改造的书房“，和《西欧的夏天》中castle turned hotel（城堡改造的旅馆）构造原理是一样一样滴~
2，“大而无当“= big but impractical
3，“房门外，紧靠楼梯”= close to the staircase just outside my room，多状语时并列译出来也是一种方法~
4
”极为难得的（事）“= something of great rarity
这贮藏室于是成了我一生中唯一的书房，也许称之为小作坊更为贴切。狭长逼仄的一小间，北窗下靠墙置一旧书桌，进门处兀立两只叠起来的玻璃书柜，都是原先住户废弃的家俱。除了窗下书桌可容纳我的一把旧藤椅，就没有多余的空间了。不过，这样的一间书房，一个人躲在里面写作，思想很集中。我利用一切节假日、下班后的全部业余时间，独处斗室，创作的思维和想象空间都很广阔。
The storeroom was the only study I’ve ever had in my life. Perhaps it could be aptly called a workshop. It was long
narrow and*** all. An old desk stood against a wall under the northern window. Two piled-up glass bookcases rose erect near the entrance. They were the furniture abandoned by a former resident. There was no room for anything else besides my old cane chair placed before the desk under the window. However
enjoying the privacy of a so-called study like this
I could do writing with high concentration. All festivals and holidays as well as all after-hours spare time would find me confined in solitude to the tiny room to experience the delight of giving free rein to my literary thought and imagination.
要点：
1，“狭长逼仄的一小间，北窗下靠墙置一旧书桌，进门处兀立两只叠起来的玻璃书柜，都是原先住户废弃的家俱。”每个分句的信息都很复杂，修饰成分很多，因此译者又采用了分译的方法处理此句，译为4个分句
2，’这样的一间书房，一个人躲在里面写作，思想很集中”译为enjoying the privacy of a so-called study like this
I could do writing with high concentration.其中“一个人躲在里面…”译者并没有按照字面意思直译，而是意译为enjoying the privacy of，比直译更加贴切
3，“创作的思维和想象空间都很广阔“即”任凭自己的的创作思维和想象力自由驰骋“译为giving free rein to my literary thought and imagination.
综述：注意本段的拆译和意译哦，良好的拆分和意译都是建立在扎实的中文功底上的~
五十年代的上海寒冬腊月，气候比现在冷得多。寒夜，窗上玻璃结满冰凌，呵气如雾。我拉上窗帘，以炭盆烤火取暖，让身边的小水壶在炭火上嘶嘶作响，伴随我逐渐投入创作境界。室内四壁都伸手可及，我在墙钉上挂着几条绳索，以便挂上大小纸片。纸片上有创作素材的零星记录，有词海语林偶得的一鳞半爪，也有已成篇尚待修改的原稿。短短几年，我在这作坊里，写了不少长短文章，其中有些小文，至今还受到读者的青睐，这是我想不到的。
In the fifties
Shanghai was much colder in winter than now. the window panes would ice up and one’s breath would freeze in the cold air. I would
with the window curtains drawn together
warm myself by a charcoal brazier over which a*** all kettle was sizzling away
and gradually move into the best state of readiness for creative writing. On the four walls
which I could easily reach by holding out my hand
I had several strings with scraps of paper hung on them stretched beeen nails. On these scraps of paper
I kept jottings of fragmentary materials for creative work
some linguistic gems and my original manuscripts awaiting revision. In this workshop
I turned out in a few years a large number of articles
both long and short
and
to my great surprise
some of the short essays I then wrote are today still to the lignin of the reading public.
要点：
1，“五十年代的上海…“译为 In the fifties
Shanghai was…中文关于时间的表述译成英文时，大部分是做状语的，这一点在《西欧的夏天》中也有体现，有时也作主语，如《我对于运动会的感想》中The third time
however
found me rising to my feet in spite of myself to join my fellow students in cheering like mad.
(看到第三次，我也不知不觉的站起来，跟着我们的同学们拼命的喊那助威的“呼声”)
2，”我拉上窗帘，以炭盆烤火取暖，让身边的小水壶在炭火上嘶嘶作响，伴随我逐渐投入创作境界。”多动词句，以“我“作为核心，译为I would
with the window curtains drawn together
warm myself by a charcoal brazier over which a*** all kettle was sizzling away
and gradually move into the best state of readiness for creative writing.其中注意找准其他名词与核心主语的关系~
3，”逐渐投入创作境界“即”逐渐进入创作的最佳状态“，译为gradually move into the best state of readiness for creative writing. the best state of readiness意为”最佳的准备状态“。
4
”室内四壁都伸手可及，我在墙壁上…”中前一句的主语“墙壁”在后一句中作状语，宜进行合译，将“室内四壁都伸手可及”译为“在伸手可及的墙壁上”
5，“词海语林偶得的一鳞半爪“即”可供学习参考的只言片语“译为some linguistic gems，也可以译为some useful words and expressions
综述：再次回顾了合译~
我很想念那间小书房。有几次偕孩子们路过其地，孩子们如今都到了中年，每次我总要指点方位，告诉他们，那几乎不复可辨的三层楼上，过去是我们一家住过的地方。昨日偶经该处，发现旧屋原址上屹立着耸天高楼，旧居了无痕迹。我在夜色中频频回首仰望，怅然重温我的那个书房旧梦。
How I cherish the memory of the*** all study! Whenever I passed by the former residence with my children
who have now reached middle age
I never failed to show them the location of our old home and tell them that the third floor of the building which had changed beyond recognition had once been our home. Yesterday
when passing by the same place
I found that the old building was nowhere to be found and that a high-rise had been erected on its site. In the deepening dusk
I repeatedly turned round to look up at the towering structure and wistfully relived the old days I had spent in the*** all study.
要点：
1，否定词+fail to do意为“必然会…”
如I never failed to call my parents every week.
我每个星期都给我父母打电话。
2，不复可辨= beyond recognition
3，“了无痕迹“即”无迹可寻“，译为was nowhere to be found
综述：何为的散文语言一向考究锤炼，很考验译者的文字功底~
二、张培基英译散文赏析之《雾》
《雾》
Fog
茅盾
Mao Dun
|译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
雾遮没了正对着后窗的一带山峯。
The mountain peaks directly facing the back window of my room were veiled in fog.
要点：
1，本句采用被动语态，突出施动者，也给人一种画面感~
2，将“雾”译为fog，而非mist，因为后者指的是“薄雾”，fog指“雾，雾气”，*** og指“烟雾”，haze则是指“雾霾”
综述：“雾”的表达有好多种，要选择最适合的一种~
我还不知道这些山峯叫什么名儿。我来此的第一夜就看见那最高的一座山的顶巅像钻石装成的宝冕似的灯火。那时我的房里还没有电灯，每晚上在暗中默坐，凝望这半空的一片光明，使我记起了儿时所读的童话。实在的呢，这排列得很整齐的依稀分为三层的火球，衬着黑魆魆的山峯的背景，无论如何，是会引起非人间的缥缈的思想的。
The names of these mountain peaks are still unknown to me. The first night when I was there I had seen the top of the highest mountain shining with lights like a precious crown set with diamond. As there was no electric light in my room
all I could do in the evening was sit quietly in the dark and fix my eYes on the midair radiance
which reminded me of the fairy tales I had read in my childhood. Indeed
the orderly array of lights shining in three indistinct tiers one above another against a background of dark mountain peaks could conjure up
without fail
visions of the ethereal.
要点：
1，“我还不知道这些山峯叫什么名儿”译为The names of these mountain peaks are still unknown to me.译者采用无灵主语，符合英文表达习惯，也避免了连续使用I开头造成的句式上的重复。
2，“那时我的房里还没有电灯，每晚上在暗中默坐，凝望这半空的一片光明，使我记起了儿时所读的童话。”中的“没有电灯”与后文有隐含的因果关系，因此译为As there was no electric light in my room
all I could do in the evening was sit quietly in the dark and fix my eyes on the midair radiance
which reminded me of the fairy tales I had read in my childhood.
3，“这排列得很整齐的依稀分为三层的火球”译为the orderly array of lights shining in three indistinct tiers one above another，中文多层定语，翻译时要分别前置和后置~
综述：
注意本段多层定语的翻译~
但在白天看来，却就平凡得很。并排的五六个山峯，差不多高低，就只最西的一峯戴着一簇房子，其余的仅只有树；中间最大的一峯竟还有濯濯地一大块，像是癞子头上的疮疤。现在那照例的晨雾把什么都遮没了；就是稍远的电线杆也躲得毫无影踪。
In the daytime
however
it was all prosaic. The five or six peaks forming the front row were about the same height. The westernmost one had on top a cluster of houses while the rest were topped by nothing but trees. The highest one in the middle had on it a large piece of barren land
like the scar on a favus-infected human head. Now
as usual
the morning fog had shut out everything pletely
including the not-too-distant wire poles.
要点：
1，“并排的五六个山峯”多重定语，分前后，其中表状态的“并排的”可以后置，译为The five or six peaks forming the front row
2，“中间最大的一峯”中表位置的“中间“可以后置译为 The highest one in the middle
3，“濯濯”指山坡上光秃秃的样子，译为barren land
4，“癞子头”是指黄廯感染的头，译为favus-infected human head
4，文中出现多次表示“遮盖”的词，译者根据不同语境，分别用了veil
shut out
shroud
obliterate作同义替换，记得总结哦
综述：
本段重点依旧在于多重定语的翻译，表位置和状态的定语可以后置译为状语~
渐渐地太阳光从浓雾中钻出来了。那也是可怜的太阳呢！光是那样的淡弱。随后它也躲开，让白茫茫的浓雾吞噬了一切，包围了大地。
Gradually
however
the sun managed to show through the dense fog. Yet how pitifully pale it looked! And soon it disappeared altogether
leaving the white thick fog to engulf everything and shroud mother earth.
要点：
1，“钻”即“从…中显露”译为show through，在遇到不会翻或找不到对应词的动词时，我们可以用一个词组或短语将此动作描述出来~
2
”那也是可怜的太阳呢！光是那样的淡弱”意为“太阳的光线是那样弱，真是可怜”，合译为how pitifully pale it looked!
综述：
注意对于不熟悉的动词的翻译以及本段的合译~当然还是要尽量丰富自己的词汇，毕竟如果过多使用词组和短语也会使句子变的冗杂~
我诅咒这抹煞一切的雾
I hate the all-obliterating fog!
我自然也讨厌寒风和冰雪。但和雾比较起来，我是宁愿后者呵！寒风和冰雪的天气能够杀人，但也***人们活动起来奋斗。雾，雾呀，只使你苦闷，使你颓唐阑珊，像陷在烂泥淖中，满心想挣扎，可是无从着力呢！
Of course I hate biting wind and icy snow too. But when they are pared with fog
I would rather have the former than the latter! Though biting wind and icy snow sometimes be a killer
yet they can also spur people on to greater efforts. O you fog! You plunge us into a state of depression and dejection
from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves as if we were bogged down in a mire.
要点：
1，“寒风和冰雪的天气能够杀人“译为biting wind and icy snow sometimes be a killer，其中”be a killer”比“kill people”更加简洁生动~
2，“雾，雾呀，只使你苦闷，使你颓唐阑珊，像陷在烂泥淖中，满心想挣扎，可是无从着力呢！”译为O you fog! You plunge us into a state of depression and dejection
from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves as if we were bogged down in a mire.
①原文是一个长感叹句，译者将主要的感叹词提前，后面译为陈述句，方便行文
②“使…”译为plunge*** into
③“陷在“译为bog down在英语行文中”像…”一般出现在句末或句中，此处为了意思流畅，将其置于句末
④译者巧妙地将“满心想挣扎，可是无从着力”和“烂泥谭”用一定语从句串了起来译为from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves，其中“无从着力”即“徒劳地”译为in vain，来修饰struggle“挣扎”
综述：注意本段用定从串联起的合译，合译最主要的就是找主语，找动词，找关系~
傍午的时候，雾变成了牛毛雨，像帘子似的老是挂在窗前。两三丈以外，便只见一片烟云——依然遮抹一切，只不是雾样的罢了。没有风。门前池中的残荷梗时时忽然急剧地动摇起来，接着便有红鲤鱼的活泼泼的跳跃划破了死一样平静的水面。
About noon the fog turned into a fine misty rain like a curtain hanging still at the window. Some 30 feet away
a cloud of misty vapor prevailed
blotting out everything. The air was windless. Every now and then
the withered lotus stems in the pond in front of my door gave a sudden violent jerk as a red carp was seen splashing briskly out of the water to break the death-like silence.
要点：
1，“只不是雾样的罢了”译为misty放在vapor(水雾)之前即可，准确简洁
2，“门前池中的残荷梗时时忽然急剧地动摇起来，接着便有红鲤鱼的活泼泼的跳跃划破了死一样平静的水面。”中“鲤鱼的跳跃”与“荷梗的摇动”是隐含的因果关系~用as
综述：分句间的关系大部分为因果或让步~
我不知道红鲤鱼的轨外行动是不是为了不堪沉闷的压迫？在我呢，既然没有杲杲的太阳，便宁愿有疾风大雨，很不耐这愁雾的后身的牛毛雨老是像帘子一样挂在窗前。
I wonder if the red carp’s aberration was due to its impatience with the unbearably oppressive status quo. As for me
failing a bright sunshine
I would rather have a violent storm. I cannot endure the fine misty rain which came in the wake of the gloomy fog to linger like a curtain hanging still at the window.
要点：
1，“红鲤鱼的轨外行动”中的“轨外”意即“反常”或“异常”，故全文为the red carp’s aberration，意同the red carp’s abnormal behavior
2
”既然没有杲杲的太阳”意为“如无阳光灿烂”，译为failing a bright sunshine，其中failing为介词，作“如果没有”解
3，“愁雾的后身的牛毛雨”也是多层定语，其中“愁雾的后身”即“伴随着愁雾而来的”可以后置，译为the fine misty rain which came in the wake of the gloomy fog
综述：
本文句式基本无难点，主要掌握多层定语和回顾分句合译技巧~
三、求张培基翻译过哪些散文***散文的英文译名列举10篇***谢谢
张培基音译中国散文目录
艰难的国运与雄健的国民李大钊
national crisis vs heroic nation li dazhao
螃蟹鲁迅
the crab lu xun
落花生许地山
peanuts xu dishan
差不多先生传胡适
mr.about-the-same hu shi
不要抛弃学问胡适
never give up the pursuit of learning hu shi
我之于书夏丐尊
books and i xia mianzun
中年人的寂寞夏丐尊
mid-life loneliness xia mianzun
我坐了木船叶圣陶
i took a wooden boat ye shengtao
背影朱自清
the sight of father"s back zhu ziqing
匆匆朱自清
transient days zhu ziqing
木匠老陈巴金
carpenter lao chen ba jin
朋友巴金
friends ba jin
梦巴金
dreams ba jin
《激流》总序巴金
preface to the torrent trilogy ba jin
做一个战士巴金
be a fighter ba jin
笑冰心
smile bing xin
雨雪时候的星辰冰心
stars on a snowy night bing xin
我的父母之乡冰心
the land of my ancestors bing xin
祖父和灯火管制冰心
grandpa and nightly blackout bing xin
话说短文冰心
a chat about short essays bing xin
路畔的蔷薇郭沫若
wayside roses guo moruo
夕暮郭沫若
dusk guo moruo
白发郭沫若
the white hair guo moruo
水墨画郭沫若
an inkwash painting guo moruo
墓郭沫若
the grave lao she
想北平老舍
fond memories of peiping lao she
养花老舍
on growing flowers lao she
白杨礼赞茅盾
tribute to white poplar mao dun
故都的秋郁达夫
autumn in peioing yu dafu
谈结婚郁夫达
a chat about marriage yu dafu
永远的憧憬和追求萧红
my everlasting dream and pursuit xiao hong
当铺萧红
the pawnshop xiao hong
野草夏衍
wild grass xia yan
恋爱不是游戏庐隐
love is not game lu yin
我若为王聂绀弩
if i were king nie gannu
清贫方志敏
honest poverty fang zhimin
离别郑振铎
parting sorrows zheng zhenduo
时间即生命梁实秋
time is life liang shiqiu
学问与趣味梁实秋
learning and personal inclination liang shiqiu
枣核萧乾
date stones xiao qian
黎明前的北京季羡林
predawn beijing ji xianlin
文学批评无用论季羡林
on the futility of literary criticism ji xianlin
父亲鲁彦
father lu yan
母亲的回忆朱德
loving memories of mother zhu de
巷柯灵
the lane ke ling
第二次考试何为
the second test he wei
下蛋·唱鸡及其它谢逸
egglaying，cackling，etc. xie yi
快乐的死亡陆文夫
happy death lu wenfu
耳闻不如一见？顾均正
is the ear less reliable than the eye? gu junzheng
幼年鲁迅王士菁
when lu xun was a child wang shijing
为奴隶的母亲柔石
a slave mother rou shi
至蒋经国信廖承志