一、关于定语从句的...急...今天要用100分哦
定语从句
用来说明主句中某一名词或代词(有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分)而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
一.词引导的定语从句
1.关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词
句子成分用于限制从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句
代替人代替物代替人或物
主语 Who which that
主语 Whom which that
宾语 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1:This is the detective who came from London.
例2:The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3:The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4:This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
2.关系代词的用法
(1)如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2)如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:
(3)非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:
There are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.
(4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this相似,并可以指人。例如:
He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.
(5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。
(6) which可作表语,既可指人,以可指物。指人时,一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征.品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的。
(7)如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。
(8)先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:
The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.
(9)如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who或whom,不用 which。例如:
Is there anyone here who will go with you?
3.“介词+关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构
(1)“介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词+关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that。
(2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导定语从句。例如:
We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
(3)像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
二.关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句
关系副词在从句中分别表示时间.地点或原因。关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点状语,why充当原因状语。
2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因
That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可以省去。
三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1.二者差异比较
限制定语从句紧跟先行词,同先行词这间一般不加逗号,仅修饰先行词,可以由关系代词.关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明,用逗号与主句隔开,既可修饰先行词,又可修饰整个主句,不可用that引导。
2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据
(1)弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分,作状语的应选用关系副词,作主语.宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。
3.先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后,但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分,构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如:
1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about..
2) He was the only person in this country who was invited
四.As在定语从句中的用法
1.引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
(1)as多与such或the same连用,可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。
(2)as也可单独使用,引导非限制性定语从句,作用相当于which。例如:
The elephant’s nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.
3)the same… that与 the same…as在意思上是不同的。
2.As引导的非限制性定语从句的位置
as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活,可以位于主句前面.中间或后面,一般用逗号与主句隔开,但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如:
(1) As is expected, the England team won the football match.
(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.
表语是用来说明主语的特征、状态等,补充说明主语的意义,因此,它也叫作主语补语。表语一般用在连系动词后面,连系动词除了be之外,还有become(成为)、look(看起来)、turn(变成)、go(变成)、seem(似乎)、appear(似乎、显得)、feel(摸起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)等等。可做表语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、动名词、数词、介词短语或副词和从句:例如:
We are students.
He is very clever.
二、简单定语从句例句100句******定语从句常见考点分析***
摘要:定语从句是英语语法的重要内容。从中学英语到大学英语,定语从句都是考查学生的一个重要考点。作者结合多年的教学经验,综合各类考试分析,对定语从句的常见考点进行归纳总结,帮助广大学生熟练自如地运用定语从句。
关键词:定语从句英语考试常见考点
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)是由关系词引导,在句中作定语的从句。它的作用相当于形容词,修饰或限定名词及代词,又称为形容词性从句。被定语句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词,定语从句由关系词引出,通常紧跟在先行词之后,其基本格式为:n./pron.+引导词+从句。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。各类考试中,主要考查定语从句引导词的选择及与其他一些语言现象的综合运用,因此,学生在掌握定语从句基本用法的基础上,应主要掌握以下考点。
一、引导词that与which之间的用法区别
1.先行词为不定代词 all,much,anything等或被all,much,every等修饰时,引导词用that。
All that is worth doing should be done well.
2.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级或表示强调的词the only,the very,the right,以及the next,the last等修饰时,引导词用that。
The only thing that they could do was to wait.
3.先行词同时包含人和物时,引导词用that。
Tom asked about the factories and workers that he had visited.
4.无论先行词指人或指物,引导词在从句中作表语时,都用that引导定语从句,that也可省略。
He is no longer the man(that)he was.
5.主句以which,who开头时,从句引导词用that。
Which of his songs that he sang did you like most?
6.当关系词在there be结构中作实义主语时,常用that指人或指物。
There’s still a room that is free.
7.句子中有两个定语从句,其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了which,另一个宜用that;反之亦然。有时为了明确所指对象避免歧义,须用who指人,which指物,用that则不恰当。例:
There’s only one student in the school who(m) I wanted to see.
这个定语从句的先行词显然是student,为了明确起见,用who/whom为好。
8.非限定性定语从句中,用which作引导词,指代物或指代整个句子,此时不能用that。
Yesterday she sold her car,which she bought a year ago.
9.在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,先行词指物,引导词只能用which;先行词指人,引导词只能用whom。
Have you ever met the girl to whom I was talking?
10.当关系代词后面有插入语时,通常用which而不用that。
Here is the English grammar which,as I have told you,will help improve your English.
11.先行词为that或被that修饰时,引导词用which。
That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.
二、引导词whose的用法
1.无论先行词指人还是物,只要在从句中作定语,引导词都用whose.
2.先行词指物时,可以用of which代替whose.
He studies in a school whose buildings(=the buildings of which) are built on top of a hill.
三、as引导的限定性定语从句的用法
1.As引导限定性定语从句,常构成“such/so/as/the same... as...”结构,as的先行词可以是人或物,引导词在定语从句中充当一定的语法成分,as引导的定语从句带有比较意义,从句常常只写出比较部分,as本身不可省略。
He used such expressions as he could find in the texts.
2.such... as与such... that的区别。
As在从句中充当成分,引导的是定语从句,意思为“这样的……如/像”,that在从句中不充当成分,引导的是状语从句,意思为“如此……以至于”。
Teachers talked in such simple English that children could understand it.(状语从句)
Teachers talked in such simple English as children could understand.(定语从句)
3.The same... as与the same... that的区别。
在这种结构中,as引导的从句指的是与先行词同类的事物;that引导的从句指的是与先行词同一个事物。
三、【定语从句考点剖析】 简单定语从句例句100句
1.功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。2.位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some, any, every和no与body,thing的合成词,或all,none,any,some,that,those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也可作先行词。
(2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:
①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.
②关系词在从句中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit(them)in China.
4.关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词。
关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as。
关系副词:when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。
5.确定关系词的步骤。
(1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
6.在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which。
(1)先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、数词等几种词修饰或被only,any,few,little,no,all,one of等修饰时。
(2)先行词为all,much,little,none,few,one,something,anything等不定代词时。
(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.
(4)先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.
(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me?
7.宜用which而不用that的情况:
(1)在非限制性定语从句中;
(2)在关系词前有介词时;
(3)当先行词本身是that时;
(4)当关系词离先行词较远时。
8.关系词who与that指人时,不同情况分别用不同的关系词。
(1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who。
(2)先行词是anyone,those,someone,everyone,one等词时,关系词用who。
(3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that。
Who is that girl that is standing by the window?
(4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。
9.whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。
Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving?
10.关系代词as在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
(1)先行词被such和the same修饰,或句型as many(much)中,从句都用as引导。
Such books as you bought are useful.
The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.
注意区别:
①such…that…引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.
②the same… that…引导定语从句。
I want to use the same tool that you used just now.
(2)无先行词的定语从句用as和which引导。
区别:①意义上:as含有“这点正如……一样”。②位置上:as从句可置于句首,也可在别处。
He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.
There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.
As is known, the earth is round, not flat.
11.关系副词when与where,why,that。
when指时间= in/ at/ on/ during which
where指地点= in/ at/ from/ which
why指原因= for which
当先行词为way,day,reason,time时,可用that作关系副词。(非正式场合)
I dont like the way that/ in which/ he talks.
当time作先行词时,关系词可以省掉。
This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.
12.必须注意的问题:
(1)关系词作主语时,从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分。
②强调it无意义,that/ who不是引导词。
③强调it is/ was和that/ who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句,讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that/ which we visited last year.(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词,that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被称为连词,that不能充当任何成分,不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as theirs.(定语)
(作者单位:江苏省扬州中学教育集团树人学校)